南极臭氧空洞再次扩大

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随着南半球冬季融化为春季,太阳的回归触发了另一事件的开始:臭氧空洞的开启。今年的空洞从八月中旬开始缓慢扩大,现在看起来将是一个很大的空洞。

预测臭氧空洞的路径是一项棘手的工作。 诸如氯氟烃(CFCs)等污染物的浓度是臭氧破坏的一个关键因素,但天气条件也会影响空洞。 例如,去年创纪录的空洞,其面积是美国的三倍,是在南极洲异常寒冷的冬季之后出现的。(如此低的 air 温度促进了高层大气中冰云的形成,即所谓的极地平流层云,这促进了将无害的氯化合物转化为臭氧清除剂的化学反应。)然而,在增长到如此巨大的规模之后,2000年的臭氧空洞却比往常提前一个月神秘地消失了。

美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的大气物理学家保罗·纽曼 (Paul Newman) 观察到:“现在说关于 [2001 年] 空洞最终结果的任何确定性结论还为时过早。”“但我们可以说,这将是一个很大的臭氧空洞,就像过去几年一样。” 事实上,纽曼指出,“它肯定会超过 2500 万平方公里。” 一旦美国宇航局的臭氧绘测 QuikTOMS 航天器(计划于周五发射)启动并运行,研究人员可能会更好地了解臭氧空洞的演变。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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