古埃及假肢手术

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要想了解古埃及人的智慧,无需远观,吉萨金字塔即是明证。现在看来,他们甚至可能率先开展了截肢和假肢手术。根据《柳叶刀》杂志12月23/30日刊登的一份报告,研究人员在研究一具年代介于公元前1550年至700年的埃及木乃伊时,发现了此类做法的直接证据。

对这具木乃伊进行的古病理学检查,由慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学的安德烈亚斯·G·内尔利希及其同事进行,结果显示右脚的大脚趾已被截肢。研究小组报告称,这次脚趾移除显然发生在患者生前,因为截肢部位覆盖着完整的软组织层。更重要的是,患者缺失的脚趾已被精心制作的木制脚趾所取代,该木制脚趾连接在脚上,并通过一系列木板和皮革绳索固定到位。之前的研究曾发现过其他古埃及假肢,但这些假肢被认为仅用于为来世准备木乃伊。

内尔利希说:“这些观察结果提供了令人信服的证据,表明在埃及的这一时期,已经存在进行脚趾截肢(可能还有其他部位的截肢)的外科专业知识,有时还会进行假肢替代。” 他评论说:“这个脚趾的缺失会导致体重转移到第一跖骨的末端,导致站立时不稳定,尝试跑步时跛行。” “使用假肢可以解决这些问题。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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