一种新的艾滋病疫苗候选

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根据今天发表在《科学》杂志上的一份报告,研究人员开发出一种疫苗,可以预防感染了类似 HIV 病毒的猴子患上艾滋病。这种相对简单的疫苗显然提供了迄今为止所有艾滋病疫苗中最强的保护,使其成为最有希望的人体临床试验候选疫苗之一。

埃默里大学的 Harriet L. Robinson 及其同事给 24 只猴子施用了由三部分组成的方案,该方案包括两种基于 DNA 的初始疫苗,然后是改良的痘病毒加强剂。七个月后,这些接种疫苗的猴子和对照组暴露于一种高毒性的猴和人免疫缺陷病毒 (SHIV) 杂交体。所有动物都感染了 SHIV。然而,两周后,对照组猴子血液中的病毒比接种疫苗的猴子多 10 倍。在 28 周时,对照组动物出现与艾滋病相关的机会性感染,并被实施了安乐死。相比之下,接种疫苗的猴子控制住了病毒,并继续保持健康。

Robinson 指出,即使是接受低剂量疫苗的猴子也成功控制了病毒。她将疫苗的成功归因于其启动三种主要 HIV 蛋白表达的能力。反过来,所有这三种蛋白质都会诱导特定的免疫反应,从而更好地帮助身体识别和攻击病毒。该疫苗对人类是否有效还有待观察。人体临床试验计划于明年进行。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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