大爆炸理论的有力支持

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根据标准大爆炸模型,我们的宇宙起源于非常小且非常热的状态。天文学家认为,所谓的宇宙微波背景辐射(CMBR)是弥漫在局部宇宙中的,是那个炽热时代的残余辉光。理论上,随着研究人员回溯更早的时间,CMBR的温度应该稳步升高。但是,最近对CMBR的测量主要集中在地球附近的微波辐射上。现在,今天发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究揭示了遥远星云中的CMBR,使天文学家首次能够测量年轻宇宙的温度。他们的结果为大爆炸理论提供了强有力的支持。

印度浦那市天文与天体物理学跨大学中心的拉古纳坦·斯里安南德和他的同事研究了来自遥远类星体的光,这些光被气体云中的分子吸收,当时宇宙只有当前年龄的五分之一。他们发现,星云中的一些碳原子处于“精细结构态”——也就是说,它们比碳的最低能量态略微活跃。要解释这些状态,就需要星云被更温暖的辐射场包围——一个对应于绝对零度以上6到14度的温度的辐射场,相比之下,CMBR目前的温度约为2.7度。事实证明,这与理论预测的9度非常吻合。

“大爆炸理论经受住了一次关键的考验,”新泽西州普林斯顿高等研究院的约翰·巴卡尔在为《自然》杂志的报告撰写的评论中写道。“我很高兴大爆炸理论通过了这次考验,但如果理论失败,而我们不得不开始寻找宇宙演化的新模型,那将会更加令人兴奋。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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