水产养殖的未来

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图片:来自西北渔业科学中心

由于全球高达 70% 的渔业资源受到过度捕捞的威胁,水产养殖业将不得不大幅扩大规模。事实上,根据上周六在澳大利亚汤斯维尔举行的国际海洋生物技术会议上发表的主题演讲,为了满足预计的海产品需求增长,水产养殖业需要在 2025 年前将产量增加两倍或三倍。马里兰大学的 Yonathan Zohar 表示,为了实现这一目标,生物技术正在发挥越来越重要的作用。

一个值得注意的研究领域是关于鱼类养殖池塘中水质的过滤和监测。目前,大多数水产养殖发生在池塘或开放水域的网箱中。然而,Zohar 指出,从现在起三十年后,这种养殖方式将必须是封闭式的。通过采用封闭式系统,水产养殖者将避免诸如废水和转基因或非本地物种逃逸等令人担忧的问题。此外,封闭式系统能够优化生长条件,从而提高鱼类的生长速度和整体健康状况。他还指出,基因工程将培育出长得更快、饲料转化率更高的鱼类。在 Zohar 看来,这些进步是姗姗来迟的。他观察到:“海产品是唯一仍处于狩猎和采集养殖阶段的商品。” “与鸡肉相比,我们远远落后于时代。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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