标签揭示金枪鱼跨大西洋旅行的细节

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大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼体型巨大、力量强大,因其肉质而备受珍视,长期以来一直引起人类观察者的兴趣。然而,尽管如此,人们对这种鱼的迁徙运动知之甚少。现在,本周《科学》杂志上描述的最新研究正在揭示金枪鱼迁徙范围的真相。标签数据显示,除其他外,许多这些生物经常横跨大西洋,并与另一侧的种群混合,从而对当前的鱼类管理政策提出了疑问。

为了追踪迁徙的金枪鱼,斯坦福大学研究员芭芭拉·A·布洛克和她的同事在美国东海岸附近的 377 条蓝鳍金枪鱼身上安装了电子标签,这些标签每两分钟记录一次位置、深度和水温。自 1996 年开始收集的数据清楚地表明,跨大西洋旅程在这些巨型鱼类中很常见。事实上,近三分之一的回收标签来自在东大西洋和地中海作业的商业渔民。

目前,大西洋金枪鱼保护国际委员会 (ICCAT) 将东部和西部金枪鱼种群视为独立的管理单元。由于过去几十年西部大西洋繁殖种群一直在下降,因此捕捞该单元的国家/地区的捕捞配额已设定得远低于东部大西洋金枪鱼捕捞的配额。但新的研究表明,西部种群容易受到所有大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼渔业的压力。“我们的结果表明,蓝鳍金枪鱼能够在整个北大西洋广泛活动,而无需考虑大西洋中部的种群边界,”布洛克指出。“这意味着要实现蓝鳍金枪鱼种群的恢复,就需要所有捕捞蓝鳍金枪鱼的国家加强合作。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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