太阳风采样

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NASA 的科学家们正准备了解太阳是由什么构成的。“创世纪号”宇宙飞船计划于明年二月发射,刚刚接收了它的最后一件科学设备:一个由块体金属玻璃制成的太阳风收集器——与制造高科技高尔夫球杆的材料属于同一类。对来自太阳的快速移动的粒子等离子体——太阳风进行采样,将能够对太阳成分进行详细分析,这反过来应该阐明太阳星云是如何产生我们的太阳系的。

块体金属玻璃收集器是几个将收集首批太阳风样本的收集瓦片之一。这种块体金属玻璃成型合金由加州理工学院的查尔斯·C·海斯设计,是锆、铌、铜、镍和铝的混合物,它们随机凝固。由这种合金制成的收集盘允许太阳风粒子嵌入其中——能量越高,穿透越深。回到实验室后,研究人员可以逐层释放离子,使用精密的酸蚀刻技术来溶解玻璃。

“创世纪号”需要飞行约 150 万公里才能到达太阳方向。一旦飞船定位在太阳和地球之间的所谓拉格朗日点,收集板就可以开始接收粒子。2003 年,“创世纪号”将带着它的“猎物”返回,并有望揭示太阳的秘密。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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