光合作用的紫色根源

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光合作用是维持地球生命的基本化学过程,长期以来一直是深入科学研究的主题。研究人员多年来已经知道这个过程起源于细菌,但其起源和演化的细节仍然难以捉摸。现在,《科学》杂志上报道的新的分子研究正在揭示这个故事,并将这一关键创新的起源向前推进。

通过对两种绿色细菌的光合作用基因进行测序,并将这些数据与其他光合细菌谱系的数据进行比较,科学家们生成了一个光合作用系统发育树,或称家谱树。结果表明,那些含有不产生氧的光系统(如紫色细菌)的细菌首先进化。含有产生氧的光系统的细菌后来在蓝细菌中进化,蓝细菌最终产生了今天绿色植物中发现的叶绿体。

分子数据与这种能量捕获机制出现的传统情景相矛盾。紫色细菌曾被认为是最后进化的细菌群之一,因为细菌叶绿素——细菌版本的捕光分子——比绿色植物使用的叶绿素更复杂。然而,新的数据表明,叶绿素来源于细菌叶绿素,而不是相反。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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