新技术使耐药菌对“最后手段”抗生素重新敏感

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在过去十年中,葡萄球菌属细菌菌株对几乎所有抗生素的耐药性都日益增强。 大多数菌株仍然对“最后手段”药物万古霉素有效。但是,相关的万古霉素耐药菌病例正在增加,导致人们越来越担心普遍存在的金黄色葡萄球菌会产生这种耐药性,并在医院和其他地方造成严重破坏。为此,发表在最新一期《科学》杂志上的研究可能为对抗这些新出现的超级细菌带来新的希望。根据该报告,研究人员开发了一种技术,可以使万古霉素耐药菌对该抗生素重新敏感。

万古霉素的作用机制是通过结合细菌细胞壁并干扰细胞壁的生长。然而,耐药菌的细胞壁化学成分发生了改变,从而阻止了万古霉素与其结合。为了解决这个问题,哥伦比亚大学的加布里埃拉·基奥西斯 (Gabriela Chiosis) 和洛克菲勒大学的伊沃·G·博内卡 (Ivo G. Boneca) 设计了一种名为 SProC5 的小分子,它可以裂解化学改变的细胞壁成分,从而恢复细菌对万古霉素的脆弱性。研究小组发现,在小鼠体内,将耐药粪肠球菌(葡萄球菌的近亲)暴露于万古霉素和 SProC5 的组合中,可以有效地对抗细菌。

这种方法是否对人类有效还有待观察。但作者总结说,到目前为止,使用能够裂解耐药菌改变的细胞壁成分的分子来恢复万古霉素的敏感性,“是一种有前景的策略。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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