蜥蜴妈妈通过温度控制宝宝的性别

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生物学家早就知道,在某些卵生爬行动物中——例如鳄鱼——胚胎的性别取决于它们发育时的温度。没有人怀疑这种现象会发生在胎生爬行动物身上,因为雌性动物保持着相当稳定的体温。然而,今天在《自然》杂志上报道的研究结果表明,事实上,雌性蜥蜴可以通过体温调节来决定后代的性别——这种机制有助于生物在野外平衡性别比例。

悉尼大学的凯莉·A·罗伯特和迈克尔·B·汤普森研究了澳大利亚石龙子Eulamprus tympanum的一个圈养雌性种群,这种石龙子通常栖息在澳大利亚东南部的海拔较高地区。他们发现在实验室中,雌性动物都保持32摄氏度的体温,并且只产生雄性后代。另一方面,对野外石龙子的观察表明性别比例相等。

母亲选择体温来平衡种群性别比例的机制仍然是个谜。但这些石龙子受温度依赖性性别决定影响的事实可能解释了为什么该物种只占据高山地区:温暖的地区可能导致只产生雄性,这对种群来说将是死刑判决。事实上,该团队的研究结果可能预示着全球变暖对这些动物的影响。“对于高山物种来说,不可能退缩到更凉爽的气候,因此环境温度的升高将导致雄性后代的产量增加,”作者指出。“模型预测到2100年气温将上升[4摄氏度],这可能会严重改变性别比例,并导致E. tympanum等物种灭绝。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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