麻风病的小基因组

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每年,麻风病侵袭近 70 万人,造成毁灭性的神经损伤、感觉丧失和毁容。但是,今天发表在《自然》杂志上的一项关于麻风杆菌基因组的新分析,为这种微生物的神秘之处提供了新的见解。研究结果最终可能为诊断和治疗该疾病提供更好的方法。

巴黎巴斯德研究所的斯蒂芬·T·科尔和他的同事将麻风杆菌(Mycobacterium leprae)的基因序列与结核杆菌(M. tuberculosis)的基因序列(一种近亲)进行了比较。有趣的是,他们发现麻风杆菌经历了主要的还原进化。也就是说,它丢失了大量基因——事实上,丢失的基因如此之多,以至于它现在只剩下生存所需的最低限度。由于许多丢失的基因参与代谢,因此该生物体分裂缓慢,再加上其营养需求仍然让研究人员难以捉摸,这使得在实验室中培养它非常困难。但是,由于需要筛选的基因相对较少,科学家们现在将更容易识别重要的基因。

了解麻风杆菌的序列应有助于研究人员识别分子药物靶点——例如,参与代谢的剩余少量基因的产物——以及可能促进开发新的疾病诊断测试的蛋白质。这项新研究同样可能有助于开发新型结核病药物和疫苗的努力。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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