荷尔蒙喷雾引发人类信任

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这听起来像是科幻小说里的情节,但科学家们发现,吸入某种荷尔蒙会使人们更愿意信任他人,把钱交给他们。

这种荷尔蒙是催产素,在非人类哺乳动物中,催产素与社会依恋以及许多与生殖相关的生理功能有关。因此,人们认为它有助于动物克服其避免接近的自然倾向,并允许其他动物接近它们。苏黎世大学的迈克尔·科斯费尔德及其同事假设催产素可能在人类亲社会接近行为(如信任)中具有类似的作用。他们设计了一项双盲研究,以比较接受催产素鼻喷雾剂的受试者和接受安慰剂的受试者的信任倾向。在接受单剂量荷尔蒙或安慰剂后,参与者玩了一个信任游戏,在这个游戏中,投资者选择将多少钱交给受托人,然后受托人决定在金额翻四倍后返还多少。受试者使用货币单位进行游戏,这些货币单位在实验结束时兑换成真钱。

根据研究人员,催产素显著提高了投资者的信任度,其中,催产素组有 45% 的人表现出最高的信任水平,而安慰剂组只有 21%。该团队排除了催产素可能促进一般冒险行为而非特定社会冒险行为的可能性,因为当投资者与计算机受托人而非人类受托人配对时,他们没有承担此类风险。


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科斯费尔德及其合作者今天在《自然》杂志上描述这项工作时,承认他们的发现可能被误用。但他们补充说,这项工作最终可能有助于治疗患有与社交功能障碍相关的精神疾病的患者,例如自闭症或社交恐惧症患者。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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