用蛋白质对抗脂肪

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吃高脂肪食物,不运动,却仍然保持苗条和健康——这是沙发土豆的梦想。而对于某些基因改造的小鼠来说,这已经成为现实。根据《自然医学》杂志十月刊上的一份报告,华盛顿大学的研究人员已经培育出一种小鼠,尽管它们饮食中脂肪含量很高,但仍能抵抗肥胖和糖尿病。 关键似乎在于一种被称为解偶联蛋白-1的蛋白质,当它在肌肉组织中产生时,会模拟运动的效果。

食物能量转化为一种称为ATP的化学能,ATP在运动过程中为身体肌肉提供能量。在缺乏运动的情况下,ATP用于制造和储存脂肪。脂肪的积累会导致肥胖,进而导致糖尿病。 新的研究表明,在骨骼肌被基因诱导产生解偶联蛋白-1的小鼠中,该蛋白质将食物能量转化为热量,而不是ATP。 因此,尽管这些小鼠一直吃得不好,但它们仍然像喂食低脂饮食的小鼠一样苗条和健康。 相比之下,喂食高脂饮食的未改造小鼠变得肥胖和患有糖尿病,并表现出高胆固醇水平。

研究人员希望尽快确定基因疗法是否不仅可以预防,还可以逆转动物的肥胖症和糖尿病。 类似的治疗方法有一天可能会帮助人类。 “可能通过药物或基因疗法来启动类似解偶联蛋白的东西,它可以浪费能量而不是将其储存在脂肪中,”团队成员Clay Semenkovich说。“这样的治疗方法将促进苗条。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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