解释加州两栖动物数量下降

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图片来源:美国地质调查局

在过去的 10 到 15 年间,加州某些两栖动物物种——即红腿蛙、山麓黄腿蛙、山地黄腿蛙和约塞米蒂蟾蜍——的数量以惊人的速度下降。然而,这些下降的确切原因至今仍未被研究人员找到。在上周四在华盛顿特区举行的新闻发布会上,来自美国地质调查局 (USGS) 和美国农业部 (USDA) 的科学家证实,农业污染物可能是罪魁祸首。新的结果可以解释为什么像内华达山脉这样靠近农业重地圣华金谷的原始地区受到的打击尤其严重。

调查人员从加州 23 个地点(右图)采集了蝌蚪和成年蛙,发现这些动物正在抑制一种名为胆碱酯酶的酶,这可能表明它们暴露于常用的、可能对动物有害的杀虫剂中。根据他们最近被期刊《环境毒理学与化学》接受发表的研究结果,来自附近农业区的有机磷农药可能通过盛行的夏季风到达内华达山脉的两栖动物栖息地。“虽然杀虫剂对农业产业至关重要,但其本质可能会对野生动物造成严重危害,既可能直接杀死动物,也可能通过对繁殖、发育和行为的微妙影响造成危害,”美国地质调查局 (U.S.G.S.) 生物学家唐纳德·斯帕林说。“不幸的是,现在看来内华达山脉两栖动物数量的下降与接触农业杀虫剂之间存在密切关系。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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