解剖幸福

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尽管拥有成堆的金钱或与时髦人士为伍可能很不错,但新的研究证实,这些都无法提供普遍渴望的幸福感。相反,诸如自尊和与他人亲近感之类的事情似乎会带来最终的满足感,根据二月份的《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一份报告。

为了确定人们认为10种基本心理感受中哪种最重要,密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家 Kennon M. Sheldon 和他的同事对不同组别的美国大学生进行了三项研究。第一项研究的参与者被要求描述他们在过去一个月中经历的最令人个人满意的事件。第二组的参与者考虑了同一事件,但时间范围是过去一周。第三组学生反思了本学期最令人满意的事件,以及该时期最令人不满意的事件。来自这三组的结果证明相当一致,自主性、能力、关联性和自尊感位居心理需求列表的首位。

对最令人不满意事件的描述表明,缺乏这四种需求非常突出,安全感的缺乏也很突出。“作者指出,“当事情出错时,人们似乎会强烈渴望他们经常认为理所当然的安全感和可预测性。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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