咖啡降低膀胱癌风险

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研究人员长期以来一直认为吸烟是膀胱癌的风险因素,这种疾病每年影响大约 55,000 名美国人。但是,发表在 2001 年 1 月份的《流行病学与社区健康杂志》上的一项新研究结果表明,风险可能远高于之前的设想。然而,同一项研究表明,咖啡可能对膀胱癌具有保护作用,尤其是在吸烟者中。通过分析来自 500 例确诊膀胱癌病例以及 1,000 名对照受试者的数据,研究人员发现,不喝咖啡的吸烟者患膀胱癌的风险是不吸烟者的七倍。另一方面,喝咖啡的吸烟者患膀胱癌的风险仅为三倍。因此,咖啡似乎在某种程度上稀释了烟草使用对膀胱的有害影响。之前的研究表明,咖啡因可能通过诱导一种名为 CYP1A2 的酶的活性来阻止突变的形成。但只有进一步的研究才能揭示咖啡消费究竟如何预防这种疾病。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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