气候变暖导致青蛙提前鸣叫

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研究人员表示,在纽约州伊萨卡附近,青蛙的交配叫声比往常开始得更早。但这种通常令人欣喜的春季迹象并非值得庆祝的事情。相反,根据《保护生物学》杂志八月刊的一份报告,这有力地表明北美东部的气候变暖正在影响当地物种。

纽约州立大学雪城分校的詹姆斯·吉布斯和纽约州环境保护部的艾尔文·布雷施查阅了历史温度记录,以确定过去一个世纪伊萨卡地区的气候变化情况。具体来说,他们研究了11月至6月期间的平均每日最高气温——这些月份对于青蛙繁殖的时间最为重要。他们的分析显示,在六个月中的五个月里,气温升高了约2到4华氏度。吉布斯和布雷施随后使用了20世纪最初和最后十年的研究,来评估六种当地两栖动物物种最早的鸣叫日期。他们发现,其中四种物种——春季雨蛙、牛蛙、灰树蛙和林蛙——的鸣叫时间比以前提前了10到13天。(另外两种,美洲蟾蜍和绿蛙,则按计划鸣叫。)

由于伊萨卡位于这些青蛙繁殖范围的中心,因此尽管环境变暖,这些青蛙很可能仍能像往常一样进行繁殖。然而,位于其分布范围边缘的物种可能就没那么幸运了。以水貂蛙为例,其目前的南部边界位于伊萨卡以北约150公里处,气候变暖可能会迅速将该边界向北推移,从而缩小该生物的分布范围。因此,作者警告说:“如果当地气候持续变暖,预计水貂蛙的数量将出现可预测的局部下降。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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