化疗会导致癌细胞过早衰老

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关于癌症的传统观念认为,阻止这种疾病的唯一方法是杀死正在繁殖的细胞。科学家们认为,仅仅使用药物阻止细胞分裂是行不通的,因为细胞最终会修复并恢复增殖。但是,昨天在《美国国家科学院院刊》的早期在线版上发表的一份报告中描述的一项新研究表明,事实上,许多停止分裂的受治疗肿瘤细胞会永久停止。这些发现可能为新的抗癌药物指明方向。

为了评估化疗对治疗后存活的癌细胞的影响,伊利诺伊大学的伊戈尔·罗尼森及其同事研究了暴露于药物多柔比星的结肠癌细胞。研究小组发现,存活的细胞看起来很像因衰老(即衰老)而停止生长的正常细胞。对衰老细胞分子变化的分析显示,细胞激活了许多基因,其中约有 10 个基因可以阻止细胞生长。其中一些所谓的肿瘤抑制基因在正常细胞中起作用,但在细胞癌变时会关闭。药物诱导的衰老似乎会重新开启这些基因,从而阻止细胞分裂。

然而,一些药物也会激活有害基因。例如,经过治疗的结肠癌细胞开启了已知会刺激周围细胞生长的基因。它们还开启了臭名昭著的 p21 基因,该基因本身会激活许多与老年相关疾病(包括阿尔茨海默病)相关的基因。然而,其他研究表明情况并非总是如此。因此,罗尼森断言,应该可以开发出激活与衰老相关的生长抑制剂,而又不会引起有害副作用的抗癌药物。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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