哮喘与双胞胎效应

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作为双胞胎可能包括一些益处,这些益处超越了从出生就有一个玩伴。根据《英国医学杂志》的一份报告,双胞胎比单胞胎更不易患哮喘。研究人员识别了1981年至1984年间出生在苏格兰的所有双胞胎,并追踪了他们直至1994年因呼吸道疾病相关的住院情况。他们发现,尽管双胞胎更可能因急性支气管炎和毛细支气管炎住院,但他们因哮喘住院的可能性还不到一半。

这种所谓的双胞胎效应的原因仍然有些神秘。之前的研究将低出生体重与哮喘风险增加联系起来,然而双胞胎出生时的体重往往比单胞胎轻。作者认为,一个更合理的解释是,与双胞胎身份相关的哮喘风险降低代表了大家庭可以赋予的针对过敏性疾病的保护作用的一个特例。该模型认为,有许多兄弟姐妹的孩子更常避免此类疾病,仅仅是因为他们在童年时期接触到更多的感染。作者总结说,这些发现可能为了解哮喘的早期发育影响提供见解,因此值得进一步研究。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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